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| Meteorology
is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the
atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and
short term forecasting (in contrast with
climatology). Studies in the field stretch back
millennia, though significant progress in
meteorology did not occur until the eighteenth
century. The nineteenth century saw breakthroughs
occur after observing networks developed across
several countries. Breakthroughs in weather
forecasting were achieved in the latter half of the
twentieth century, after the development of the
computer. |
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| Meteorological
phenomena are observable weather events
which illuminate and are explained by the
science of meteorology. Those events are
bound by the variables that exist in Earth's
atmosphere: They are temperature, air
pressure, water vapor, and the gradients and
interactions of each variable, and how they
change in time. The majority of Earth's
observed weather is located in the
troposphere.Different spatial scales are
studied to determine how systems on local,
region, and global levels impact weather and
climatology. Meteorology, climatology,
atmospheric physics, and atmospheric
chemistry are sub-disciplines of the
atmospheric sciences. Meteorology and
hydrology compose the interdisciplinary
field of hydrometeorology. Interactions
between Earth's atmosphere and the oceans
are part of coupled ocean-atmosphere
studies. Meteorology has application in many
diverse fields such as the military, energy
production, transport, agriculture and
construction. |
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