Endoscopy gives an  accurate picture of the throat directly, Is easy to perform-only a few mins. with a local anesthetic spray, saves the pt. from general anesthesia and so cost effective. With flexible endoscopes biopsies can be taken  and foreign bodies like dentures can be removed and thus saves  the pt. from major surgery, moreover the pt. can be discharged a few mins. after observation.

• Conventional exam with head mirror & light shows only a 3'" of the nose, the rest is hidden.
• Can better visualise the whole of the nose & sinus openings detect small tumors, bleeding vessels; determine the extent of the lesions.

• An accurate diagnosis is possible with endoscopy and the patient himself can see his nose in the monitor which helps in better understanding of the disease & its treatment.
• Painless procedure, relatively easy and can be done using a spray of surface anaesthetic in the nose.
• Shows hidden areas like nasopharynx, base of skull etc. So endoscopy is a must for complete examination of the nose & the area behind it (nasopharynx).

SURGERIES:

• Nasal & Sinus diseases - polyps, tumors etc.
• Endoscopic DCR.
• Tumors & diseases of Brain -
  • Pituitary adenoma
  • CSF Rhinorrhoea
  • Optic nerve decompression.

ADVANTAGES:

• Minimally invasive.
• No scar on the face unlike previous sinus surgeries.
• Length of stay reduced.
• Recovery period less.
• Skull bone is not cut open so lesser morbidity.
• A big operation  becomes a small  & less risky operation.