Ambu bag:-

Ambu bag was first launched in 1953 by Dr.Hogler Hesse and Prof. Henning Ruben.The Ambu resuscitator essentially includes one air inlet valve,one self-inflating bag,one face mask attached to a Ruben non-rebreathing valve.during use the bag is manually squeezed ,the one way valve at the distal end of the bag closes and the air inside the bag is forced to the face mask via non-breathing valve.this causes inflation of the lungs of the patient. At the time of expiration,expired air passes out through the expiratory channel of Ruben non-rebreathing valve and at the same time the fresh atmospheric air is drawn in the self-inflating bag through the air inlet valve.

Today Silicon Ambu resuscitators are use all over the world-in hospitals,by ambulance services ,in every emergency medical environment. Ambu bag are found in three different sizes-

1.Adult - 1600ml,non rebreathing valve,adult mask,patient connector 15mm inside/22mm outside diameter,oxygen reservoir bag with valve lmtr oxygen tubing. ,
 
2.Child -500ml folding silicon bellow,non-rebreathing valve with 40cm/H2O pressure release,child mask,patient connector 15mm inside / 22mm outside diameter,oxygen reservoir bag with valve lmtr oxygen tubing.

3.Infant - 250ml folding silicon bellow,non rebreathing valve with 40cm/H2O pressure release,infant mask,patient connector 15mm inside/22mm outside diameter,oxygen reservoir bag with valve lmtr oxygen tubing.

Magill Laryneoscope:
It consists of a straight metal attached to a metal handle.The blade is curved like a half cylinder,but flattened at the distal and where there is a bulb or illumination, the tip of the blade lifts the epiglottis forward from behind to expose the laryngeal opening.the laryngoscope should be introduced initially deep into the pharynx and then slowly withdrawn until the laryngeal opening comes into view.it is also advantageous when mouth opening is small and larynx is somewhat anterior.a long curved laryngoscope blade can be used as a straight blade by lifting the epiglottis directly.

1.Adult - Bright handle with 4nos.matt-finished blades.

2.child - Bright handle with 3nos.matt-finished blades.

3.Ped - Bright handle with 2nos.matt-finished blades.

Bain Circuit:-

The circuit was originally described by Bain and Spoerel in 1972.this anaesthetic breathing system consists of 1.8m long corrugated plastic tubing of 22mm diameter.originally the tube was opaque and electrically conductive.but transparent non conductive type is also available and it provides better inspection of the inner tube and its attachments.an expiratory valve and a reservoir bag may be attached to the machine end to the circuit and then it resembles the Mapleson D system.in this system the fresh gas flow is always through the inner tube and the patient breaths through the annular space or outer tube.

The Bain circuit is simple and light weight and easy to handle.no carbon di oxide absorption is needed, sterilization of the circuit is easy.disposable tubing is also available.moreover the circuit is mostly safe and reliable.